“Nature and the Physical World”

Most common attitudes and behaviors today on nature greatly evolved during the Romantic Era. Before, in some European countries, people don’t usually celebrate any occasion related to nature. But today’s society, because Romanticism evolved, it greatly affects our perspective and approach towards nature. When talking about nature in the Romantic Era, Rousseau is an important figure. He is the man who loves to be associated with nature. He would usually walk and explore nature related sites, climb mountains, and just simply communicate with nature. Rousseau is man of sensitivity, mood and even paranoia. In his time, he explored the agonies of love and the sentimental aspect of it. Love is the most popular feeling celebrated in the Romantic Era. This is known before as a relationship between two individuals and up to now; we use this as a common definition of Love. As we all know, when we encounter Romanticism, it reflects European society. Before, Europe is surrounded by tragic happenings, emotions not being expressed freely, and places where usually killings would take place. But now, it is safer, less hazardous, and even very much beautiful to explore. Mountains and forest or deep woods are no longer places to be afraid of. Instead these are places that are awesome to commune with nature and to be enjoyed and pondered on. Storms on the ocean are now being used as one of the most interesting subject on paintings, musical tones, poems, and writings. Before, things such as ocean storms, lightning, deep woods or mountain views are often being feared. No one would dare to draw closer to these things in fear of losing their lives. Another reason is the supernatural beliefs of people that these things were left unexplored. In the Romantic Era, romantics did not just arouse the sensitivity of emotions, but also it aroused the sensitivity to nature. People have come to realize that communicating with nature could improve one’s lifestyle and belief. Nowadays, people would explore nature and its wilderness, and they usually feel the overwhelming calmness and relaxation that it provides. It has proven that the shift in attitude towards nature is powerful and really can offer long-lasting serenity and positive perception within self. Another important figure during the romantic era is William Wordsworth. Romantic Era in poetry is centered with man’s relationship with nature and the fascination of man with Mother Earth. For Wordsworth, the definition of Romanticism is the passionate relationship towards nature and its wonder and wilderness. In his time, the word â€Å"pantheism† was stated. Because Wordsworth made to reflect his naturalistic attitude in his works, modern Pantheists described it now that God is called life of all, nature, earth and the universe. Pantheists have deep admiration and respect of all living things around us, even the forces outside the earth or in the universe. But Wordsworth did not focus mainly on these things. What he focused on is the appreciation and love for beauty and exquisiteness of Mother Earth and nature. Wordsworth, just like Rousseau, would often go for walks, exploring the beauty of life around us. He would also climb mountains and the most common is his paying attention to the things related to nature that an ordinary individual would often miss in his everyday life. What he often witnessed when he is outdoors, was the overall feeling of calmness and serenity in times of agony and loneliness. We could tell that the love, peace and comfort that Wordsworth is getting from nature is actually the feeling we get every time we call for God. In the Romantic Era, we could probably come across an identical observation, because during this time Industrialization is also emerging and became one of the most attended things by people. Probably, just like Wordsworth, people would also love to go out of the city and search for peace and quietness in one place; just like what Mother Nature provides. These things were what poetry is during these times and even up to now. People tend to find a place where they can relax and be away from all the hard works, materialism, and aristocracies. A place where they can celebrate life and enjoy living as a free individual. In Wordsworth time, nature as described to provide these things would not probably be accepted; for a reason that during these times Church controls almost everyone and everything. Maybe people have tried but it was not socially accepted and anyone who must have caught doing this was branded as deviating from what society’s norm is dictating. Rousseau and Wordsworth, as well as some other Romantic poets and figures, have only one inspiration; Mother Nature and all the living things surrounding us. The paintings, poems, pictures and writings done during these times will probably make us realize how important it is to be away, even for sometime in the materialistic world. These things will also be our heaven in seeking comfort, peace and calmness within ourselves. Jut like poets and figures in the Romantic Era, we will perceive nature as the only thing that will give us no worries no matter what we lose, no matter what the circumstance is. It is the only thing that others cannot get from us, because it will just stay within us; in our hearts and in our minds. References: http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/hum_303/romanticism.html http://www.customessaymeister.com/customessays/Poetry/3389.htm   

Corporate valuation Essay

On Wednesday, February 24, 2010 the SEC reiterated its support for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), this was conditional upon the accomplishment of a number of milestones. The SEC staff had developed a comprehensive work plan that would help to keep the process moving forward. Including Fiat,more and more huge cooperations are adopting IFRS accounting policies since 2000,not only because it makes more transparency in statements,but it tenses or looses the strict that enhance the efficiency and accuracy of accounting. 1. What are Fiat’s key accounting policies? Which of Fiat’s key accounting policies are affected by the adoption of IFRS? In accordance with the case, the Italy-based Fiat Group’s revenues were mainly generated from the production and sales of passenger vehicles (including large-volume brands and luxury, high-margin brands), tractors, agricultural equipments, and light commercial vehicles. The Group’s main operations was manufacturing cars which needed as many new models, technologies, creativity, and innovations as possible. Consequently, it could be seen easily that the Fiat Group had almost relied on its Research and Development (R&D) activities. Additionally, sales were also a very important activity in every organization, so the Fiat Group was not an exception. Therefore, applying new accounting policy for revenue recognition to show that the Group’s profit was favorable was very vital. The Fiat Group first-time adopted IFRS and the reporting d ate of its first IFRS statement was December 31, 2005. After changing to IFRS, R&D costs were affected the most. Under Italian GAAP, R&D costs incurred were capitalized or charged to operating expenses. For the Fiat Group, it has primarily expensed its R&D costs when they were incurred. Under IFRS, the Group has capitalized development costs in some parts such as the Fiat Auto, Ferrari-Maserati, Agricultural and Construction Equipment, Commercial Vehicle and Components Sectors. The next accounting policy influenced by the first-time adoption of IFRS was revenue recognition – sales with a buy-back commitment. Under IAS 18, sales with a buy-back commitment do not reach the requirements for revenue recognition due to risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the buyers. In result, this kind of sales is recorded as an operating lease transaction instead of revenues under Italian GAAP. Last but not least, sales of receivables also were impacted. All receivables through securitization and factoring transactions (with or without recourse) had been derecognized under Italian GAAP while all securitization transactions have been reversed under IFRS and all portfolios sold w ith recourse or without recourse have been reinstated in the IFRS balance sheet. Unlike U.S. GAAP rule-based standards, IFRS standards tend to be principle-based. Typically, rule-based standards are easily applied and enforced when compared to principle-based standards, however, along with rules, come exceptions. Exceptions to the rule-based standards of US GAAP add a level of complexity that often results in application issues. The move towards IFRS principle-based standards, accounts for exceptions to the rules by allowing judgment to exist when applying the standards to a company’s financials. Conversely, US GAAP encourages companies to comply with set laws anddiscourages evaluating the economic substance of a company’s activities The differences between Fiat’s key accounting methods under GAAP and those under IFRS. 1.Substance over form. Example, Recognition of revenue:to recognize revenues of long-term contracts,IFRS does not allow the Recognition from relative subjects but does accept to value it by contract cost. 2.Less flexibility Example: Recognition of R&D cost:GAPP views them as expense,and IFRS acknowledges researching cost as expense as well,but developing cost can be stated as expense or capitalize cost under IFRS,after its feasibility is confirmed. 3.More transparent Example: Income tax paid: CFO takes all the income tax paid obligation under GAAP,while CFO only states operating tax paid obligation,CFF and CFI states capitalizing one and investment one respectively. 4.Retrospective application of the new standards to opening equity as of January 1, 2004 to properly establish IFRS based data What characterizes the differences between the two sets of methods On Wednesday, February 24, 2010 the SEC reiterated its support for International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), this is conditional upon the accomplishment of a number of milestones. The SEC staff has developed a comprehensive work plan that will help to keep the process moving forward. The staff will regularly report progress to commissioners and a decision will be made in 2011 as to whether or not IFRS will be incorporated into the U.S. financial reporting system. There are many differences between Italian GAAP and IFRS. 1.Fair value in barter transaction GAAP admits the fair value in barter transaction which is similar to history transactions,IFRS also requires new trade to be similar to history ones but recognizes the fair value as the value in non-barter transactions. 2.Monitor interest It can be viewed as liabilities or equity or mezzanine section Under GAAP,but under IFRS it is illegal unless it is equity. 3.Comprehensive Income It is included in net income under GAPP,but under IFRS it is got rid of. 4.Dividend Received/Dividend Paid Dividend received is included in CFO statement,while dividend paid is included in CFF statement under GAAP,but under IFRS,they two can be allocated in both of CFO and CFF. 5.Upward revaluation(for fixed assets and intangible assets) GAAP does not allow this action but IFRS does. 6.Employee benefits-post employment & long-term Under GAAP,they are kinds of operating expense and actuarial gains and losses deferred and partially amortized over time.Under IFRS,related interest cost is classified in interest expense. 7.Goodwill The period of amortization of goodwill should not exceeding 20 years under GAAP.But under IFRS,goodwill cannot be amortized at all. 8.Sold receivables Under GAAP,it is typically off balance sheet,while it is typically reinstated under IFRS. 9.Start-up and similar charges They are deffered and amortized under GAAP,but are typically reinstated under IFRS. 10.Scope of consolidation Fiat Auto stakes in share parts business is accounted for under equity method under GAAP,while under IFRS,it is consolidated on a line by line basis, Unlike Italian GAAP rule-based standards,IFRS standards tend to be principle-based. Typically, rule-based standards are easily applied and enforced when compared to principle-based standards, however, along with rules, come exceptions. Exceptions to the rule-based standards of US GAAP add a level of complexity that often results in application issues. The move towards IFRS principle-based standards, accounts for exceptions to the rules by allowing judgment to exist when applying the standards to a company’s financials. Conversely, US GAAP encourages companies to comply with set laws anddiscourages evaluating the economic substance of a company’s activities. The trend towards IFRS has evolved around a widespread agreement to synchronize accounting standards internationally. The ultimate goal is to reduce costs for multi-national corporations, and to allow investors to make valid comparisons between companies across the world. Users of financial statements have pushed for the development of global standards that provide more consistent and comparable reporting worldwide. From the perspective of a minority investor in the company shares,I would like to choose IFRS because: Under IFRS minority investors can gain better information IFRS provides more transparent information of company’s management and transaction ,as a consequence minority investors’ confidence enhanced by Fiat’s transparent disclosure thus it leads positive expectation from market Adoption of IFRS is an international trend, competitors such as Peugeot and Volkswagen adopted IFRS. Investor can better understanding both Fiat and its competitors performance The trend towards IFRS has evolved around a widespread agreement to synchronize accounting standards internationally. The ultimate goal is to reduce costs for multi-national corporations, and to allow investors to make valid comparisons between companies across the world. Users of financial statements have pushed for the development of global standards that provide more consistent and comparable reporting worldwide. Summarize the main factors that affect management’s reporting incentives and strategy in fiscal year 2005,which factors might reduce management’s incentive to fully comply with the IFRS? In this part, we would like to conclude what are the main factors that influenced the management incentives and strategy in fiscal year 2005. Under IFRS, FIAT results would be consistent with market standards and they would be more comparable with its competitors from automotive industry. Financial position that was used in the past differs from the IFRS one, because it did not take into consideration financial receivables. Therefore, results, as well as many ratios were different in past. There is also the fact, that many investors did not invest into Fiat because they do not understand to Italian GAAP so much and therefore this investment would involve too much risk. IFRS are able to value the company better than GAAP and there is less space for influencing the financial results. That is also the fact, why IFRS are more beneficial for smaller investors. According to the law, there was a necessity to switch to IFRS but there was not necessity to fully comply with them. Under IFRS, many of financial data are changed. Elimination of goodwill amortisation is able to generate 0,2 billion EUR impact. The goodwill is not longer amortised. There should also be benefit of 0,3 billion EUR from recognition of gains and approximately 0,1 billion gain from impact of development costs. The whole impact therefore creates 0,6 billion euros. Under IFRS, there is different rules connect to selling of products. In connection to that there is the change in equity, which reduced by 0,5 billion Euros. On the other hand, it also increased the debt by 0,8 billion euros. IFRS allow having in consolidated statements only activities that are directly connected to the core business. This is one of the major changes. The company needs to prove, that they are healthy and that the have met or exceeded all their targets. Switching to IFRS could help them with emphasise their good data and performance and increase their value in eyes of investors as well as in eyes of potential creditors.

Essay style answers regarding Euroland Case Study in terms of

Style answers regarding Euroland Case Study in terms of marketing - Essay Example Internal inefficiencies such as supplying products from plants located in different cities than from ones in same cities (because of low capacity), reduced throughput speed and increased accidents, spillage, inventory spoilage, shrinkage and breakage and production tie ups cause frequent disruptions in delivering products to the buyers that later weaken the sales. The major external factor that has resulted in stagnation of Euroland Foods’s core business is low population growth in northern Europe. In fact, there has bee no genuine increase in the demand of products offered by Euroland because of negligible increase in market size. The sales had been static since 1998, which is attributed to market saturation in some areas besides northern Europe. Secondly, the competitors have introduced new products in the market, hence attracting more customers and taking away the share from Euroland Foods. Euroland Foods’s, at present, apparently has adopted a Market Penetration growth strategy since it believes in selling its existing products Ice-cream, Yogurt, bottled water and fresh juices to existing market segments. It can be concluded that this strategy has not resulted in any real growth in terms of monetary and volumetric sales as it remained stagnant over years, which has adversely affected its brand equity and market valuation. If Euroland Foods were to take Darrochs advice, it would prioritize a proposal about â€Å"replacement and expansion of truck fleet† which is aimed at substituting new trucks and delivery vehicles with new ones as well as adding new fuel-efficient excessive capacity trucks to reduce its maintenance costs and improving the ability to transport more products at a time. Also, it could accept proposals related to expanding Nuremberg plant capacity by 20%, to increase automation of the production lines at six of the companys

Narritive about a short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narritive about a short story - Essay Example al Scout had come to Farquhar’s house for a drink of water and he informed him that anyone who was found causing problems would be caught and hanged. When Farquhar inquires if there was any force on the other side of the creek, the soldier answers him saying, - â€Å"Only a picket post half a mile out, on the rail road and a single sentinel at this end of the bridge.† â€Å"All is fair in love and war† is a very famous saying and unfortunately Farquhar finds himself with a noose around his neck, at the gallows, surrounded by officers with their rifles in hand. Under the plank on which he stood, he could see the water rushing wildly in a frenzy. As the noose was put around his neck, he had a sense of foreboding as his mind raced back to his loving family at home. He felt a sense of helplessness as the noose tightened about his neck and his body dropped into the racing water. As Peyton plummeted to the depths with pulsating speed, he felt he was almost dead. He oscillated like a pendulum between life and death, as he struggled for breath. The light which had grown dimmer as he went down, now seemed brighter as he found himself rising towards the surface and thought, -"To be hanged and drowned, is not so bad; ; but I do not wish to be shot. No; I will not be shot; that is not fair." What seemed like superhuman strength he managed to relieve himself of the ropes that bound him. Undoing the noose around his neck, he gasped for breath. He was ecstatic to be alive. He reveled in the beauty of his surroundings – the trees the stream, the insects, the dewdrops on the glass and the prismatic colors that floated all around him. Suddenly, all at once, he found bullets whizzing past and hitting the water and saw the sentinels aiming their rifles straight at him from across the bridge. He heard the lieutenant’s dreaded, cruel and aspirated chant ordering, -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Company! . . . Attention! . . . Shoulder arms! . . . Ready! . . . Aim! . . . Fire!" he was being hunted

Abraham lincoln as a trait,situational ,and transformational leader Assignment - 1

Abraham lincoln as a trait,situational ,and transformational leader - Assignment Example In astudy to determinethedistinctivetraits, a couple of researcheshavebeenconductwith theemphasis on identifyingthequalities of greatpersonalities. In 1948, Stogdill did a research on thetraitapproachandidentified ten leadershipcharacteristics(Northouse, 2010, p. 20).A similarstudywasdone by Mann (1959) but with littleemphasis on situational factorsandsuggested six traits that distinguish a leader from a non-leader. The two researchers realized five maintraits of an exceptionalleader. Abraham Lincoln as a lawyer, businessperson, andpoliticianexhibitsthesetraits, which includeintelligence, integrity, self-confidence, determination, andsociability. Northouse (2010) argue that an intelligent leader is one who portrays traits such as â€Å"strong non-verbal ability, perceptional, and their reasoning appears superior† (p.22). Abraham Lincoln is such leader. He was a well read, intelligent and an inspirational leader, which is evident through his devotion on the constitution and the rights of individuals (p.23). The second trait is his integrity nature, which is a quality of honesty and trustworthiness. According to Northouse (2012), such leaders take responsibility of their action and this bestows confidence in their followers (p. 24). Lincoln as a businessperson, became to be known as â€Å"Honest Abe† a nickname he earned when he pledgedto payall the debts realized from his failed business. Thethird traitdepicted by Lincoln is self-confidence; the ability to be sure of one’s proficiency and skills. Such ability influences others and thus, a leader feels confident that the efforts to influence others are justifiable. Lincoln with confidence, he appointed and swapped some Army commanders andhe defended his decisions against public attack and defended each one of the commanders.The forth trait is determination; the ability to get the task done through initiation,

Employee Relations And Customer Satisfaction Case Study

Employee Relations And Customer Satisfaction - Case Study Example It is the classification of a society according to the values, interests, and behaviors. It is determined by the social categories’ income, education, wealth among other factors. The higher the classification of a people in society, the greater their ability to afford a better lifestyle. The society is mostly categorized in divisions of high class, the middle class, the working class and the low-class citizens. A higher class of people will desire the banking services of a higher class and vice versa (Beryl, 1996). Subculture, yet another characteristic refers to who share certain values, based on their similar experiences in life and exposure to similar situations. These groups of a society exhibit similar buying characteristics since their taste and preferences in purchasing products and services are influenced by similarity is situations and experiences. These are the characteristics that play a major role in determining the tastes and preferences of individuals or groups of people in the society that also influences the banking services and facilities they seek (Jefferson, 2011). The buyer makes a decision to purchase goods and services by following a process well defined. The buyer first recognizes the needs and wants that they have, which needs to be fulfilled. Information search follows, where the buyer seeks to understand the ranges of products and services that can meet their identified needs. The buyer then embarks on analyzing the alternatives provided to him, based on the potential range of products and services that can meet their needs (Heskett, 2008). The buyer then settles on the product or service to buy. Once he has made the decision on what to purchase, he then goes on and purchases the product, and applies it to fulfill the needs and wants that he had. The last stage of the process is a post-purchase evaluation, where the buyer assesses the products or services he purchased for their suitability to meet his needs.

Clinical evidence and presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Clinical evidence and presentation - Essay Example Psoriasis is a long-term condition, often re-surfacing after years of remission. It is often treated depending on the severity of the disease and body surface covered. Topical solutions like creams, ointments, and lotions are usually preferred treatment methods for mild forms of the disease. For the more moderate to severe manifestations of the disease, pills, injections and light treatments are used, as topical solutions are insufficient to manage the disease. This paper will critically analyze the current clinical evidence to support the management of the disease, reviewing one mainstream over the counter therapy and one complementary/alternative therapy for the disease. This paper will review the drugs Daivonex, Exorex, and alternative medicine treatment options, and assess their effectiveness in treating psoriasis. Daivonex, a non-steroidal medication containing calcipotriol is currently one of the main drugs being used for the treatment of psoriasis. Some practitioners have reviewed this drug and found it ineffective and inapplicable for some types of psoriasis. Daivonex is not applicable for widespread (all over the body) psoriasis. For those who suffer from some types of psoriasis like guttate, generalized pustular psoriasis, or erythrodermis psoriasis, Daivonex is also not applicable (Medical-Look, 2008). In applying the medication, the patient has also to be cautioned about getting any of the medicine on unaffected skin, as it can cause skin irritation. Clinicians do admit that Daivonex is recommended safe for most psoriasis sufferers, but they caution that there are some potential users of the drug that need to consult with their doctors before using it. Allergy to calcipotriol and any drug containing such ingredient can trigger allergic reactions. Allergic reactions tend to include difficulty in breathing, wheezing, swelling of the throat, face, lips, or tongue, rashes or hives. There are various precautions which are required for