The Birth Of A Baby With Down Syndrome Essay - 1668 Words

Babies born to women aged in their 40s tend to have low birth weights. This is generally a result of premature birth and bad because the baby has less time to grow and develop in the womb and is therefore more vulnerable to pretty much everything. It makes it hard for the baby to fight off infection, keep warm, gain weight, feed, and it can also cause breathing problems due to low oxygen levels at birth and sudden infant death syndrome. Low birth weight can also be a result of placental insufficiency. This is when the nutrients meant to be provided to the foetus through the placenta simply fail to be given due to the placenta not growing or functioning properly. At the ages of 20 to 24 the chance of a baby with down syndrome is 1 in 1667 and the chance of chromosomal abnormalities is 1 in 526. This risk increases in the ages 30 to 34 with the chance of a baby with down syndrome being 1 in 952 and the chance of any chromosomal abnormalities being 1 in 358. When a woman reaches her 40s the chances of having a baby with down syndrome or any chromosomal abnormalities rises with every year. For example, when she is 40 the chances of having a baby with down syndrome is 1 in 106 but by the time she reaches 44 it will be 1 in 38. Also the chances of having a baby with chromosomal abnormalities at the age of 40 is 1 in 66 and just four years later is 11 in 26. Chromosome mutations or abnormalities involve the rearrangement of whole blocks of genes. They usually occur during meiosisShow MoreRelatedPrenatal, Birth And Perinatal Development1170 Words   |  5 Pageshighlight the risks during prenatal, birth and perinatal development and discuss the longterm effects on a child and what medical advances have been developed to prevent or lessen them. There are three main stages to prenatal development; the germinal stage, embryonic stage and fetal stage. This process is largely determined by genetics and is usually fairly similar for the majority of human beings. Perinatal development is the period just before and just after birth. One key risk that may affect theRead MoreDown Syndrom1638 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract a) Down syndrome b) Interesting topic c) Understanding why down syndrome occurs Introduction a) Who discovered Down syndrome b) What is Down syndrome Body research A. What Causes it and is it inherited? 1-Trisomy 21 2-Mosaic Down syndrome 3-Translocation Down syndrome B. How Down syndrome affects Kids 1-Physical features 2-Learning C. Risk factors 1-Advancing maternal age 2- Being carriers of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome 3-HavingRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words   |  6 Pagesoverall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to â€Å"crack babies† or â€Å"drug babies†. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birth to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnant woman has a direct impact on the baby. While the mother is ingesting methamphetamine, marijuana, cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, or even caffeine, the fetusRead MoreA Study On Down Syndrome Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesCole Mattes, Josh Hurwitz Mrs. Jobz CP Biology December 13, 2014 Down Syndrome Hello, our names are Cole Mattes and Josh Hurwitz, we will be writing about down syndrome. This disease is named after John Langdon Down, who was the first physician to tell about the disease systematically. This disease sometimes referred to as 47 or trisomy 21, is a very serious life altering disease. Down syndrome is caused by an extra or partial chromosome 21,which is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction happensRead MoreAn Accurate Description Of Down Syndrome1290 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Langdon Down was the first to publish an accurate description of Down syndrome, so he was then deemed the â€Å"father† of this disorder. However, there were earlier drawings and descriptions of Down syndrome that began the awareness of the disorder. Down syndrome has become the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition. Children who have Down syndrome can have moderate to severe delays in communication development. Because of the delayed development that comes with Down syndrome, the affectedRead MoreBirth Defects Of Babies Are Serious Functional Or Structur al Abnormalities1685 Words   |  7 PagesBirth defects in babies are serious functional or structural abnormalities that are present at birth in 3%(â€Å"approximately 120,000†(Simeone 1104) ) of infants in the United States each year. There are quite a few different types of defects that you may not even be able to see on the infant at first. It could be something developmental that will only get worse as they get older. If you believe that birth defects are only caused by women doing illegal drugs and drinking while pregnant, you’re wrongRead More Down Syndrome Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagesbe passed on, resulting in the birth of a child with a genetic or congenital defect or disease. One of the most common of these genetic disorders is Down syndrome. This disorder takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down, who was the first to describe it formally, in 1866. Down syndrome is a condition marked by abnormal physical and mental development that is caused by a genetic defect. This genetic defect is caused by an extra chromosome. People born with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes compared toRead MoreDown Syndrome Concerns Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesDown syndrome Concerns It has been stated time and time again that Ms. Gens is a woman of 40. Research has been performed that shows that older mothers are more likely to have reproductive cells that have an extra copy of the chromosome 21 (Grinshpun†Cohen, Miron†Shatz, Ries†Levavi, Pras, 2015). Because of this factor, it is very well that Ms. Gens contributed to the Down syndrome. She could have been tested prior to the birth of the baby so that she could have been made aware. Since medical guidelinesRead MoreDown Syndrome And Its Effects On Children1237 Words   |  5 Pagesdoctor may bring a catastrophic change to this pleasure. You’ve blessed with a Down syndrome baby. Everything of your remote site seems to be gloomy. But don’t be upset. Come forward with the affection of fatherhood or motherhood and say- THOU BE MY HEAVEN, LITTLE ANGEL. Down syndrome Down syndrome is a set of physical and mental traits caused by a gene problem that happens before birth. Children who have Down syndrome tend to have certain features, such as a flat face and a short neck. They alsoRead MoreI Have A Friend With Down Syndrome912 Words   |  4 Pagespaper I chose Down syndrome. I have a friend with Down syndrome and I would like to learn more about it. On this paper I am going to be giving an overview of the disorder and treatment options. Down syndrome is a disorder in which an individual gets a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. Normally, at the time of conception a baby inherits genetic information from its parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father, but in most cases of Down syndrome a child gets

Fiction and Australian Identity - 1035 Words

‘Winton’s Cloudstreet continues to engage readers through its narrative treatment of hardship and optimism.’ In the light of your critical study, does this statement resonate with your own interpretation of Cloudstreet? In your response, make detailed reference to the novel. The novel Cloudstreet, by Tim Winton resonates the idea of engaging readers through its focus on optimism despite hardship throughout the narrative. The text has the ability to be appreciated and understood through its textual integrity and realism, making it an inspirationally driven text for those engaged readers. A cultural perspective of the novel highlights how the characters in the novel overcome hardships and gain that sense of optimism, which is a true†¦show more content†¦The narrative allows for the idea of segregation to act as an aspect of the hardship faced by the characters. It distinguishes the differences between those who are separated, identifying their different lifestyles and values as factors, which has caused this disconnection. The segregation and major personality differences between the two families are highlighted in the quote, â€Å"Sometimes they squared off at one another like opposing platoons.† The metaphor of comparing the two sets of c hildren to â€Å"platoon†, a word commonly used in war, parallels the separation caused by the war. This emphasizes a key aspect of the contextual features of the storyline, as the war has a major impact on the lives of the characters. This also exaggerates the level of separation between the two families, suggesting they have a war-like standing against each other, caused by different views and opinions. The notion of segregation between the families is an obvious cause of hardship, as the two families share so much, whilst being completely different. There is strong symbolism throughout Cloud Street that parallels this idea of segregation. The end of the novel signifies the overcoming of these symbols, in order to unite. The divided backyard is achieved through old signs patched together, symbolizing the patching together of lives after the previous hardships faced. The families of Cloudstreet are very different, one whoShow MoreRelatedRichard Frankland s Digger J. Jones1650 Words   |  7 PagesRichard Frankland’s Digger J. Jones (2007) is a novel which bridges the gap between children’s literature and literature for young adults. Frankland’s novel makes mention of the challenges faced by Indigenous Australians specifically during the 1967 Referendum and to a lesser extent, the Vietnam War. The passage, situated in the first few pages of the novel, immediately after the implied readers discover the origin of the name Digger, but prior to the first mention of Aboriginal people not beingRead MoreDiscuss The A rticle ‘Reinforcing The Myth: Constructing1546 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the article ‘Reinforcing the myth: Constructing Australian identity in â€Å"reality TV† ’. The main contention in Price Erma’s article ‘ Reinforcing the myth: Constructing Australian identity in â€Å"reality TV† ’ which published online on May 2010, is to portray the myth of Australian identity shows in TV that there is a balance to measure how much is true, how much is false. Erma leads the reader to understand that the myth is against ‘reality TV’ because there always has tension between ideasRead MoreAustralia s Film And Television Industry1635 Words   |  7 Pagescentury and the beginning of the 20th. The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906) toured England from 1908 as the longest film ever made, popularising a new genre of bushranger movies and epitomising the Ned Kelly legend as a significant aspect in Australian cultural identity (Juddery, 2008). The beginning of Australia’s film industry built itself on bushranger films, with the focus being local audiences rather than foreign, as stated by Judder. However, power struggle s within the industry and banning of theRead More americanisation of australian television Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pages The Americanization of Australian Television is a sad and terrible thing. It is a process whereby ordinary Australians are bombarded every day with images of American lifestyle, so much that it merges almost unnoticed into their own lifestyle. It is a process whereby our home-grown entertainment industry is overwhelmed by the enormous powerhouse of the American economy, with drastic effects upon the modern Australian nation. Not only is Australian free to air TV being dominated by American producedRead MoreCharacter Analysis : The Twyborn Affair 1570 Words   |  7 Pages 2 The Twyborn Affair 2.1 Identity The protagonist plays three different roles in the story, which is divided into three distinct but essentially unrelated sections. In a small town in Mediterranean France, the protagonist appears as a woman named Eudoxia Vatatzes, who is the lover of an elderly Greek man, Angelos. Then in Australia, the protagonist becomes a man, Eddie Twyborn. Later in London, his identity shifts to Eaddie Trist, the doyenne of a house of prostitution. At the outsetRead MoreRequiem for a Beast (Theme and Techniques)1210 Words   |  5 Pagesor taking control over their culture. This action is practically taking away their identity and forcibly changing their values. The importance of culture lies in the fact that it is a link between people and their value systems. The ‘Stolen Generation’ which refers to the generations of children that were an Australian Aboriginal  and  Torres Strait Islander  descent who were taken from their families by the Australian  Federal  and  State  government agencies and  church missions, under  acts  of their respectiveRead MoreIndigenous Of Indigenous And Indigenous Americans951 Words   |  4 Pagesdisrespectful towards Indigenous Australians. It’s surprising how indigenous cultures have survived through generations and against unthinkable odds, colonisation, assimilation, and intervention. This is all in view of the power of the stories, told by indigenous individuals orally and now through writing. Each indigenous story has an encoded message of law, land, place, knowledge, experience and survival. It fundamentally is a basic script for indigenous cultural identity. Stories that are told by indigenousRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesaccomplished. Gender inequality is achieved when individuals are restricted from accessing rights, opportunities or entitlements based virtuously on perceived gender differences. This gender inequality has successfully weaved its way into the Australian workplace, and has denied women the same employment opportunities, advancements, rights and capabilities as men receive. Women are specifically subjected to less prestigious and dominant positions, with recent statistics showing that, ‘women holdRead MoreThemes In A Long Way Home By Saroo Brierley719 Words   |  3 Pagesbarely surviving on the treacherous streets, he is taken to an adoption agency and adopted by an Australian couple. Although it seems like fiction, it is fact. This remarkable story is Saroo Brierley’s, and his memoir A Long Way Home, tells this miraculous story of his childhood and how he came to find his birth family. Throughout the memoir, Brierley weaves a tale of his hardships and developing his identity. In his memoir A Long Way Home, Saroo Brierley uses the literary devices of pacing, imagery,Read MoreAboriginal People s Perception Of Aboriginal Peoples1527 Words   |  7 Pages‘Aboriginalism’ is a term that could hold many different meanings to a variety of people, simply because there is a uneducated understanding, disregard and ignorance in the way that Contemporary Australians know and recognize Indigenous Australia. Having previously understood Aboriginalism to be an identity aboriginals themselves identify to, and being further educated upon the term, ‘aboriginalism’ is now clarified to be a theory of Edward Said’s, in which it describes non-aboriginal people’s perception

Swot Pest Analysis Free Essays

SWOT PEST analysis Strengths †¢UK’s largest full service scheduled airline – this makes it a popular company with customers which brings in more business which will then bring in more money for the company. Caribbean routes are new and selling well – as they are selling well, the sales will be up on the flights which will bring in more money and more popularity with the customers which will then mean more and more people will use the company rather than their rivals which will then bring in more money and make rival companies miss out on money †¢Head office is situated near Gatwick which is convenient – it is convenient because customers and/or staff will easily be able to get there if they need to as it is situated near the company’s main working airport and not in the middle of nowhere or in a different country. This means that any problems can be sorted out quicker as people don’t need to travel to the head office if it was situated anywhere else †¢Pilots are well paid and tend to stay – the company are then able to keep flights on schedule which will keep the customers happy and wanting to fly with them †¢Half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002 which is good for passenger confidence – passengers will have confidence in the technology of the planes and trust them not to fail which will keep them happy and wanting to fly with them †¢Passenger growth was up 16% from 2003 to 2004 with over 8 million passengers per year carried – more passengers means that the company is making more money and also means more passengers are using this company rather than rival companies †¢Awards won: oBusiness Airline 2002: What Airline? oBest European Carrier: Passenger News Top Airline Cuisine 2003: The Flying Chef (Sunday Times column) à ¢â‚¬â€œ with these awards won, the company will have popularity as the best for these features and will keep customers wanting to travel with the company and make new customers from rival companies †¢Kestrel Air uses travel agents to sell its products – this makes it easier as travel agents are good at selling products †¢Has its own reservations department at head office and a website where customers can book online – customers will find it easier to book flights so the company can sell more flights easier and quicker. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Pest Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also less staff will be needed so money can be saved in their wages †¢New features: oParticipates in the Pet Travel scheme oTelemedicine service on all flights oLaptop plug in and telephone service in business class oSelf check in at Heathrow and Gatwick – all these features give passengers more reason to use this company rather than others if the others don’t already have the features Weaknesses Operation slots are very expensive and difficult to acquire – as they are difficult to acquire, it will be hard for the company to get enough of them as they need, but even if some do become available, they will be expensive to purchase so the profits will be used to buy them †¢Failed to gain permission to operate on the lucrative Heathrow/US routes – because these routes are unavailable to the company, they are losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers therefore customers would use rival companies to get to these destina tions †¢No eastern European routes are operated as yet – because these routes are not operated yet, the company is losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers, therefore customers would use rival companies to get to the destinations †¢Being situated near Gatwick is expensive in rents and rates – the rent and rates will bring down the profit that the company will make †¢Cabin Crew have created some bad press locally – if this carries on, the customers will stop using the company and use one of its rival companies †¢Pilots are only qualified to fly particular aircraft – other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and training will need to be paid out that will reduce the profits †¢There are no pilots who can fly all the different aircraft in the company fleet – other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and training will need to be paid out that will reduce the profits †¢The airline employs its own ground crew and baggage handlers and finds it difficult to recruit enough people – this means that jobs will take longer to do so there will be a longer wait for departures and arrivals at the airports which will upset customers and may tempt them to use rival companies †¢The capacity of each aircraft is different so it is ot possible to switch aircraft from route to route – if a problem occurs with one particular aircraft and makes it dangerous to fly, it will have to stop and passengers will have a big delay as they all won’t fit on any of the other aircraft available at that particular time. Customers will become unhappy with the company and may use rivals from then on †¢Because half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002, it has been a major expense – as it has been a big expense, there is a massive drop in the pr ofits that the company are making so there is less money to spend on other things, although the money has been spent well Opportunities †¢The airline would like to expand operations from Heathrow – with more operations the company would bring in more money which will add to the profits. †¢Considering becoming a member of Star Alliance Considering new measures including sponsorship and developing a relationship with educational establishments – these opportunities will increase the company’s reputation with the establishments and also bring in more money towards the profit that they are making †¢Kestrel Air may decide to contract out ground crew and baggage handlers – this means the company will bring in more people that are capable of doing the job quicker to make sure arrival and departure times are kept †¢Kestrel Air hope to consolidate the type of aircraft in the future to cut back operating costs and cut pilot training costs â€⠀œ this will save the company money which will add to the profits Threats †¢Germanic Air has substantial debts and likely to sell its shares (22%) – as 22% is owned by the Germanic’s there will be a massive whole in the shareholders which will cause disruption to the way the company is run. This may result in loss of money and disruptions in the way staff are paid. Staff could go on strike leaving the customers to use rival companies †¢The turnover of Cabin Crew is high †¢Training for the Cabin Crew is constant – if the training is constant, then oney is always being paid out to fund it which will keep profits down and will waste money as they keep bringing in new staff that need training †¢Many airlines consolidate the type of aircraft in order to save on operating and engineering costs – as other companies are doing this, they will save money unlike Kestrel Airways, and they may become under threat with their finances and rival compa nies will take control of the percentage of people using airlines †¢Profits are going down so costs are getting higher as they are making about the same amount each year – if this carries on then the company will start to lose money each year and the company will start to become unsuccessful Political Failed to gain permission to operate on the lucrative Heathrow/US routes because of a restriction arising from the Bermuda 2 treaty – the US are wanting the routes so therefore Britain are having to agree and not make the money from them †¢Taxes on fuel etc – as taxes are going up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money Economical †¢The World is currently in a recession – more people are not travelling abroad because they can’t afford it so instead they are taking holidays in Britain or not at all †¢Germanic Air is an ailing airline with substantial debts and is likely to sell its shares (22%) – as the German company own a large percentage, there will be a massive hole in the shares, which will disrupt the way the company is run and may become bankrupt †¢Taxes on fuel etc – as taxes are going up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money Social The Euro is too high – as of this, people are avoiding flying to European destinations as it would be cheaper to go to long haul destinations such as the Caribbean because of the currency over there is cheaper †¢People are choosing different destinations each year – as of this, Kestrel Air need to keep up on what are the most popular holiday destinations, whether they are long haul or short haul and get flights to the destinations so that customers don’t use other companies †¢Cabin crew have recently created some bad press and exacerbated the problem of recruitment – as many people are not recruiti ng, the company aren’t getting in enough people as they need to do jobs so jobs will be running slower than normal which can cause disruption with the way the company is run which will affect departure times, therefore customers will become unhappy and start using rival airlines Technological Half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002 – all the new planes will have new, trusted technology in them that was better than the previous planes which will gain customer confidence and make them want to travel with the company †¢Kestrel Air has its own website where customers are able to book online – this will be easier for customers that are wanting tickets as they don’t need to leave their homes in order to book a flight, it can be done quickly, easily and securely over the internet †¢Full body scanners – these are all located at the airports to check people for weapons, bombs etc to stop terrorism. The scanners add safety and comfort to the passengers because they know that anybody will be caught that has suspicious items †¢Self check in at airports – this means that as soon as customers arrive at the airports, they can check themselves in which will be quicker and easier for them, which will reduce queue’s and late departures How to cite Swot Pest Analysis, Papers

Dover Beach/fahrenheit Comparison Essay Example For Students

Dover Beach/fahrenheit Comparison Essay Dover Beach Dover Beach, by Matthew Arnold, is a poem dealing with love in which a man speaks to a woman. It begins on the beach when the sea is calm, the tide is full, and the moon lies fair upon the straits. Nothing changes, unless you want change. Long ago there was faith, but today everything is boring and the same. He wants change, but finds it hard to do so. Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 are related In that both deal with a world where there Is no peace or Joy among the people. In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montage lived In a world salary to Dover Beach. Everybody acts the same and those who were different or not part of the mass culture were treated unfairly. Everyday he was becoming more and more dissatisfied with his life. He didnt Like the fact the he and his wife, Mildred, did not have any kind of relationship and rarely spoke. Each day when he came home, his wife was either watching TV or listening to the radio neglecting everything else. Mildred was only concerned about her TV and could care less what happened to Guy. Later a girl named Claries opens his eyes to the emptiness of his life. After meeting her he decides he wants to change, and starts by reading books. She was quite obviously waiting for him to go. (20). Mildred did not feel comfortable whenever Montage was around too long. All she thought about was when she could watch TV on her parlor walls. First, why dont you tell me if shell be all right? Sure, shell be okay. Neither of you is an M. D. Why didnt they send an M. D from Emergency? Hell! (15). Nobody in this world really cared for anyone else. There was no love between the technicians and Montage. They Just wanted to get their job done and get out of there. Oh, they dont miss me, she said. Im antisocial, they say. I dont mix. Its so strange. Im very social, indeed. (29). Claries was not liked at all among her peers. They considered her antisocial since she talked so much and was very social. In this world you had to be quiet and not socialize with anyone to be normal and fit in with others. Oh they come and go, come and go, said Mrs.. Phelps. Im not worried. Ill let Pete do all the worrying. She giggled. Ill let old Pete do all the worrying. Not me. Im not worried. (94). Mrs.. Phelps shows that she Is not worried about what happens In the war to Pete. Pete Just comes and goes as she describes It. Shell let Pete do all the worrying and she wont even think about It. She Is Like everybody else In the world of Fahrenheit 451, self-centered, and without a care In the world what Is happening elsewhere. Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where Ignorant armless clash by night. (Last line). In both Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451, there Is a war going on. Nobody cares or has any love for anyone else. Mildred did not feel comfortable around her own husband. Mrs.. Phelps wasnt even concerned for her husband who was at war. The two worlds are related in which they both dont have peace or love

The Crucible- What Does Arthur Miller Suggest Are the Dangers Inherent in a Dualistic Universe free essay sample

Arthur Miller suggests several different dangers inherent in a dualistic view of the universe in his play, The Crucible. He firstly presents those that strongly follow Evangelical Christianity, and cannot admit their mistakes, but only blame others for their problems. In comparison, he then illustrates to the reader those that have a more realistic view of Christianity, realizing their sins, and standing up for what they believe is moral. By dividing the two conflicting aspects of the world, Miller demonstrates the many potential dangers in the village, which in the final stages come together to create one of the deadliest clashes for an untainted religion. Set in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692, Miller presents one of The Crucible’s complications, the dualistic ideology, as a conflicting problem amongst the people. The Puritan town, always remaining in the light of God, are very religious, attending church every day, reading only from the bible, and forbidding anything resembling a theatre or ‘vain enjoyment’. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible- What Does Arthur Miller Suggest Are the Dangers Inherent in a Dualistic Universe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It may seem that there is nothing harmful about a religious community, though within Salem people are constantly judging one another on how religiously pure they are, which causes the initial tensions. So when some teenage girls get up to mischief, and bring the devil’s presence into the situation, people begin accusing each other of who they believe are not as pure as them. They even begin to accuse those they wish to get revenge upon, of siding with Satan, creating potential dangers in the town. Before long, Miller has divided Salem into two dualistic views: those who, as good Christians should, are more realistic about the presence of the devil in their community, and those who have been misled into believing Satan is ‘loose in Salem’, and who accuse their enemies of siding with the devil. Miller suggests that those who have a black and white view of the universe are the accusers in Salem, and are the cause for many of the dangers evident in this town. Thomas Putnam, who regards himself as an ‘intellectual superior, accuses others in spite of his faults, and puts their lives in danger. When the word of the devil is spoken, Putnam and his wife take the opportunity to accuse Rebecca Nurse for the deliberate deaths of seven of their babies. Of course, it can be seen that in 1692 it was quite common for women to have miscarriages, though they were led to believe the devil must have had something to do with it. This accusation puts Rebecca Nurse’s life in danger, as well as jeopardizing the respect she holds within the community. Miller foreshadows the danger Rebecca Nurse finds herself in through Mrs. Putman, when she says critically to Rebecca Nurse, ‘You think it’s God’s work you should never lose a child, nor grandchild either, and I bury all but one? ’ Goody Putnam’s words create the initial accusation against Rebecca Nurse that in the end, take her life. Likewise, Samuel Parris, the reverend in Salem, who is always putting in ‘his best efforts to win the people and God to his side’, is also misled into believing that the devil is loose in the village. A good example of this is when Mr. Parris sides with Abigail, his foolish niece, in believing that Betty has had a spell conjured on her by Tituba, one of the individualists in the town. He does this as a protection for his daughter, Betty Parris, and to avoid personal judgement. Due to his black and white view of the universe, he is misled into lying to withhold his safety, and in place, puts innocent Tituba’s life at risk. Both Putnam’s and Parris’s Evangelical view of the universe cause them to wrongly accuse other people, putting innocent villagers’ lives at risk. Miller suggests that those who refuse to uphold a dualistic view of the universe and speak their mind in Salem put themselves in danger. Reverend Hale is the only superior in Salem that fights to defend the people wrongly accused of witchcraft. Not siding with those that are accusing others, he puts his job and, therefore, his authority in danger. Miller demonstrates the danger Hale puts himself in when he begins to not only doubt Danforth’s judgement but also ignore his orders when he says, ‘I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it’. By refusing to sign any more death warrants for Danforth, Hale puts the importance of his position at stake, and loses much of his power in the courtroom. Just as Hale refuses to contain speaking his mind, John Proctor, a farmer in his thirties, denies conjuring witchcraft. John, being innocent, cannot imagine living life with his dignity erased, making the tough decision to be separated from his family. One who, like Proctor, refuses to confess to witch craft is the frail nurturer of Salem, Rebecca Nurse, who is faithful to her conscience, even after being accused of intentionally killing seven of the Putnams’ children. As goody Proctor says to Hale, ‘you will never believe, I hope, that Rebecca trafficked with the devil’. This shows how the town views her as a kind of a saint, yet due to the corruption of others, she is accused of siding with the devil, her life in jeopardy. Both Hale, Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse’s inability to uphold a dualistic ideology puts them in grave danger from those who continue to believe the devil is roaming Salem. When living in a dualistic universe many dangers are inherent for those fighting for what they believe in. Through characters and events Miller conveys these dangers, and demonstrates what can happen when you speak your mind. Putnam, Parris, Hale, Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse all stubbornly stuck to their beliefs, and put others lives and their own in danger.

Bank of America Investment Potential

Bank of America Investment Potential Introduction In this report, the Bank of America Corporation (BAC) share price is analysed in the context of the current economic situation and the companys performance. The latter is described through the analysis of the companys financial statements and is compared to the performance of the primary BAC competitors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bank of America Investment Potential specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the industry, BAC is in an extremely strong position; still, the current performance of the company is worse than would be expected. The beta of BAC demonstrates that its share price is relatively stable, and significant changes are not to be expected in the near future. At the same time, given the air of uncertainty that is characteristic of the current economic situation, both the drop and the increase can occur, which is why â€Å"hold† proposition appears to be the most reasonable option. Economy: General Overview Global Economy The importance of the economic context for the investment decision development has been highlighted, for example, by Damodaran (2006), Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2011), Bloom (2014), or Lofthouse (2001) as a part of fundamental analysis. Indeed, the changes on the micro- and macroeconomic levels tend to affect the performance of most companies. Consequently, determining the specifics of current global and domestic economic situation may be helpful for an investment decision. According to the Bank of America Corporation [BAC] (2015a), throughout 2014, the economic growth of the major markets appeared to be modest and uncertain, with Japanese market contracting, Greek problem destabilising the eurozone, and Russia suffering from the sanctions and oil prices drop (BAC 2015a, p. 20). The United Nations [UN] (2015) confirms that the global economic expansion rate has been 2.6% in 2014, which is lower than the precrisis level (p. 5). The mone tary policy adjustments that are being made, for example, in Japan and China, can increase instability (UN 2015). The pre-crisis international trade rates are still not achieved, and even though they are projected to proceed with the â€Å"sluggish growth†, risks the geopolitical conflicts undermine this possibility (UN 2015, p. 6). Indeed, the situation in the market can be determined by non-economic factors as well, particularly those that can be classified as â€Å"bad news† (Bloom 2014, pp. 161). UN (2015) confirms that the political conflicts of the recent months contribute to the restriction of the global economic growth. The actions of ISIS and the recent terrorist attacks are among these conflicts. Indeed, apart from the direct damage to the property, such outbursts can significantly harm tourism and create a decline in consumption as people grow wary of visiting downtowns. Apart from that, these events almost definitely result in increased security expenses an d can potentially damage international trade if national borders become less open (Buttonwood Column 2015; Laird 2015).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All these problems are the direct effect of terrorism on the economy and are expected to be relatively short-lived (Buttonwood Column 2015) Apart from that, the growing anxiety (if not panic) contributes to the general feeling of uncertainty and insecurity, which also tends to reduce the investment activity (Laird 2015; Bloom 2014). Therefore, the current global economic situation will be significantly affected by this sense of insecurity. Another global economic problem is the oil prices decrease. The increase in the US oil production, which has led to the decline in oil prices, might be considered a plus from the political point of view as it reduces the oil-trading possibilities of ISIS (Chafuen 2015). Apart fro m that, the reduction is obviously beneficial for the customers, but, in other respects, lower oil prices damage the global economy. This damage is primarily caused by the difficulties experienced by the oil industry that include, for example, the reduction of employment in the sector as well as the decrease in wages (Kawa 2015). The UN (2015) forecasts are uncertain: while the possibility of further economic growth is pointed out in the report on the world economic prospects, it is also highlighted that there exist â€Å"significant downside risks for the developed countries, especially European ones and Japan (p. 5). In general, it can be concluded, that the global economy is currently in a state of uncertainty, and many challenges need to be taken into account. US Economy According to BAC (2015), throughout 2014, the US economy was still recovering from the Great Recession, but the significant figures were showing some improvement. Those include the GDP growth that has reached 2 .3%, the decrease in the unemployment rate (5.6%), and the growth of consumption (BAC 2015a, p. 20). In the third quarter of 2015, the GDP of the US increased by 2.1% and the personal disposable income grew by 0.4 %; the US net investment position, however, proceeds to be characterised by liabilities exceeding assets (US Bureau of Economic Analysis 2015). The UN (2015) encourages the Federal Reserve to adjust the interest rates that are indeed expected to be increased; the outcomes of this decision are still unclear (Eavis Picker 2015; Kaletsky 2015). Other significant features of the US economy, as Chafuen (2015) points out, include the increase in the US debt and the disputes over the healthcare policy of the President. The latter has a significant impact on the economy of the country including the reduction of productivity and the increase in the full-time employment cost.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Bank of America Investment Potential specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Still, in general, the economic situation in the US appears to be more stable and positive-looking than that of the world, even though the aftermaths of the crisis are still noticeable. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the UN (2015) is cautious about making predictions before the interest rates increase. Therefore, it can be concluded that the economic situation in the US is also somewhat vague, especially in the light of the global economic uncertainty. Bank of America Corporation BAC: Overview Founded in 1874, BAC is an international company that offers products and services in the following segments: â€Å"consumer and business banking, consumer real estate services, global wealth and investment management, global banking, and global markets† (BAC 2015a, p. 16; Bloomberg Business 2015). As of 2014, BAC serves about 80% of the US population as it operates in 50 states; apart from that, the compan y is operating internationally in 35 countries; the total number of the company’s customers amounts to 48 million consumers and 4,800 baking centres (BAC 2015a, p. 20). The primary competitors of BAC are the JPMorgan Chase Co, Wells Fargo Company, and Citigroup Inc. Currently, BAC outperforms the latter in the terms of most ratios and parameters, including the market cap, quarterly revenue growth, net income, and price-to-earning ratio. Concerning the latter ratio as well as quarterly revenue growth, BAC also outperforms JPMorgan Chase Co (12.85 as compared to 11.35), but in relation to other parameters, BAC is performing less successfully than the two other organizations (Yahoo Finance 2015a). According to Forbes (2015a), BAC ranks #11 in assets and #37 in market value among the world’s biggest public companies. It is also among Forbes (2015a) Most Valuable Brands list ranked #72. To compare, Wells Fargo is ranked 10 in the list of the biggest public companies (For bes 2015b). These facts show that BAC competes with the strongest players in the market and is being successful. Still, as can be seen from the company’s financial statements, BAC has been underperforming recently. Since the crisis, the profitability ratios of the company have been decreasing, which is natural. At the same time, the data per common share and efficiency ratios have been growing: for example, the return on equity increased from 0.96 in 2011 to 7.13 in 2013 (BAC 2015, pp. 25). In 2013, all the mentioned ratios increased, but in 2014, performance worsened again.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Still, in the terms of efficiency, the 2014 ratios outperform those of the years before 2013 (for example, the return on equity in 2014 equals 2.92). At the same time, it should be mentioned that the long-term debt of BAC has decreased by 3% and total liabilities have decreased 4.5%. According to BAC (2015) this is the result of the company’s intent to decrease its long-term debts and short-term borrowings (p. 25). Investment-relevant conclusions from the data are presented in the following sections. BAC: SWOT SWOT analysis is concerned with determining the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The first two factors describe the company’s inner state while the second part is concerned with the outer influence (Lofthouse 2001, pp. 126-127). The SWOT analysis has been extremely popular as a strategic planning tool due to its advantages: the analysis, which is easy to perform, allows one to have a look at the company’s state and define the areas that require attention along with areas that can provide the necessary options and resources. At the same time, the analysis has been criticised for its disadvantages that include excessive simplicity, vagueness, generalization, and subjectivity of the factors choice (Helms Nixon 2010, pp. 234-235). However, it should be pointed out that all these disadvantages are the innate qualities of SWOT; in other words, the tool is not meant to provide the detailed scheme of a company’s position. The SWOT overview can provide the information about the companys position and future possibilities, which is necessary for this report. The subjectivity of the analysis, however, stays a significant limitation to the analysis. The strengths of BAC are numerous: they include its size, which presupposes a sufficient amount of resources; its age and the consequent experience; its reputation and brand that attract customers. It should be separately pointed out that the brand of the com pany is very likely to attract American customers. Another advantage is the Merrill Lynch, once acquired by BAC, that is now considered to be #1 investment research team (Gasparino 2008; BAC 2015a). The efficiency ratios for the company are quite high; they also suggest that BAC management is quite competent. For the point of view of weaknesses, it should be mentioned that the performance of the company has been deteriorating. This factor is a symptom rather than the weakness itself, but it can signify the weaknesses that would be visible to an insider. Given the facts that the BAC financial report provides numerous reasons for the performance deterioration, both internal and external, this report will consider the performance itself as a weakness that needs to be eliminated. Another potential weakness is the companys reliance on the US market. Still, since BAC has already been expanding into other countries, it can be concluded that the said reliance is not too significant. At the same time, it is obvious that the Bank of America is most popular in the US, and not in other states. The most obvious opportunities of BAC include expansion, primarily, the expansion into other countries and the development of the already penetrated ones to decrease the company’s reliance on the US market. Apart from that, BAC is known for fast expansion through acquisitions and has been successfully carrying out this line of action (Gasparino 2008). The major threats to the BAC, naturally, include the consequences of the crisis and the competition. The latter has been described, and it is obvious, that BAC is performing well, even though the competition is capable of reducing its chances for improved performance. As for the crisis, while the economy of the US is recovering, the problems are still reflected in the consequences that include reduced consumption or lower investment activity (Bloom 2014). These threats need to be managed appropriately, and a giant company like B AC has all the resources to do so. BAC: Share Price Analysis BAC share price is currently $17.43, with the market cap amounting to $181.49 billion (Yahoo Finance 2015a). The share price has been growing, albeit unsteadily, since its rather significant post-crisis fall; the close price in 2014 was $17.89, which is lower than the highest price of 2010, but higher than its close price (BAC 2015a). With the help of historical share prices for the past three years and those of NYSE Composite, the beta of BAC share was estimated to range between 0.52 and 0.82 (Bank of America Corporation 2015b; Yahoo Finance 2015b). It is optimal to compare the beta of a company to a benchmark for the industry (Damodaran, 2006). According to Damodaran (2015), this figure ranges from low to normal for the banking sector in the US (that is 0.81). Lower-beta stocks are less risky; therefore, it can be concluded that BAC is relatively stable, especially when compared to the industry (Bodie, Kane Marcus 2011, p. 577; Damodaran, 2006). This factor may suggest that extreme growth of the price is not to be expected, but it could be regarded as a particularly positive one in the context of the current economic situation. Indeed, in the situation of uncertainty, caused both by economic and political upheavals, people are likely to seek stability. In this respect, BAC has all the advantages needed: it is a long-existing bank with high reputation and a brand name that is bound to attract American customers at the very least. Therefore, if the current uncertainty existing in the market is going to affect the prices of BAC shares in any way, the way is most likely to be positive. The lowering profitability of the company is a much less appealing factor. It is alleviated by the fact that the liabilities of BAC are being reduced purposefully, and that the efficiency ratios are growing in comparison to the previous years (with the exception of the year 2013). The income decrease can be explained by the aftershocks of the recession as well as the new political and economic shocks. As BAC (2015a) determines it, the numerous reasons for the deteriorating performance include increased expenses (in particular, concerning market-related premium amortization) and decreased consumer loan balances. In general, the performance of the year 2013 allows one to suggest that BAC is capable of recovering after the recession; the reputation, experience, and brand name of the company all contribute to this impression. It should be pointed out that the company is performing well in terms of the industry, competing with the world’s largest banks and outperforming some of the competitors in a number of parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded, that the shares of the company would not be expected to drop significantly as a result of deteriorating performance, and the performance is not unlikely to improve in the future. Given the strength of the company’s position, its share price is unlikely to decrease dramatically despite all the mentioned challenges. At the same time, and the next year is more likely to demonstrate how the company is coping with the new difficulties caused by the slow growth of the economy and political upheavals. In this report, it is concluded that the BAC share price has all the chances of increasing or decreasing by a relatively small amount in the next year depending on the way it will respond to the new global economic challenges; therefore, the proposition for it would be to hold. Conclusion The current economic situation is rather unfavourable than favourable, and the challenges that it poses have to be met appropriately. An old, reputed, large international company like BAC is perfectly capable of managing the upcoming threats. The performance of the company has been somewhat deficient, which, however, is the tendency of the world economy nowadays, and, in the terms of the industry, BAC is among the most successful banks. The new year, however, can be characterised by the high uncertainty and anxiety caused by economic and (mostly) politic upheavals. Therefore, as a result of the global uncertainty, the proposal suggested in the report is to hold. Reference List Bank of America Corporation 2015a, 2014 Annual Report, http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/71/71595/AR2014.pdf. Bank of America Corporation 2015b, Historical Price Lookup, http://investor.bankofamerica.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=71595p=irol-stocklookup. Bloom, N 2014, Fluctuations in Uncertainty, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 153-176. Bloomberg Business 2015, Bank of America Corp, bloomberg.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot_article.asp?ticker=BAC. Bodie, Z, Kane, A Marcus, A 2011, Investments, 10th ed, McGraw Hill, Boston, MA. Chafuen, A 2015, The U.S. Economy in 2015: Challenges and Opportunities, Forbes, 1 January, forbes.com/sites/alejandrochafuen/2015/01/01/the-u-s-economy-in-2015-challenges-and-opportunities/. D amodaran, A 2006, Security Analysis for Investment and Cash Finance, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. Damodaran, A 2015, Betas by Sector (US), http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/Betas.html. Eavis, P Picker, L 2015, As Investors Shun Debt, Banks Are Left Holding the Bag, The New York Times, 19 November, nytimes.com/2015/11/20/business/dealbook/as-investors-shun-debt-banks-are-left-holding-the-bag.html?ref=topics. Forbes 2015a, Bank of America, forbes.com/companies/bank-of-america/. Forbes 2015b, Wells Fargo, forbes.com/companies/wells-fargo/. Gasparino, C 2008, Bank of America to Buy Merrill Lynch for $50 Billion, CNBC, 14 September, cnbc.com/id/26708319. Helms, M Nixon, J 2010, Exploring SWOT analysis – where are we now?’ Journal of Strategy and Management, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 215-251. Kaletsky, A 2015, What a US interest rate rise really means for the dollar, The Guardian, 17 November, theguardian.com/business/2015/nov/17/what-a-us-interest-rate-rise-rea lly-means-for-the-dollar. Kawa, L 2015, Four Ways the Oil Price Crash Is Hurting the Global Economy, Bloomberg Business, 8 October, bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/four-ways-the-oil-price-crash-is-hurting-the-global-economy. Laird, L 2015, The Paris Attacks and the Economic Impact of Terrorism, Forbes, 16 November, forbes.com/sites/laurielaird/2015/11/16/the-paris-attacks-and-the-economic-impact-of-terrorism/. Lofthouse, S 2001, Investment management, 2nd edn, Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, UK. United Nations 2015, World Economic Situation and Prospects 2015, un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_archive/2015wesp_full_en.pdf. US Bureau of Economic Analysis 2015, U.S. Economy at a Glance: Perspective from the BEA Accounts, bea.gov/newsreleases/glance.htmp. Yahoo Finance 2015a, Bank of America Corporation, http://finance.yahoo.com/q/p?s=BAC+Press+Releases. Yahoo Finance 2015b, NYSE Composite, http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=%5ENYA.

Leadership Relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Relations - Coursework Example First, the leader has to involve the team members, Vanessa P. (2014). everyone within his/her team must feel significant and indispensable. When assigning duties, it should be done with consideration of the individuals interest, rather than imposing. When work is done willingly, the team members are able to face challenges leading to better performance. Second, the leader should encourage the team members to share information with other member of the team as well as the supervisors. Workers are more motivated when they work in groups and also monitor each other, Vanessa P. (2014). they should be allowed to make decisions individually. The leader should only step in cases that are really crucial. Third, the leader should organize forums where the team members meet regularly and discus issues affecting them, Vanessa P. (2014) .The meetings should not be made very formal, where the team members can have or bring a coffee, socialize and complement one another. In such meetings the leader should learn to identify someone who is not in a pleasant mood and take the initiative to assist. Forth, the leader should create ceremonies such as parties, and birthdays for the workers. These parties will go a long way in uniting the team members as well as bonding him to the team. During these parties the leader should identify those who have done well should be identified and praised for their good work as well as rewarded appropriately. During these events the leader should not bring about any work related things but rather let the members interact with one another and bond, Michael, G. (2000). He can also allow them to bring on bond the family members so as to create an environment of joy. Fifth, according to Michael, the leader should also make transparent decisions with no favours or bias, (2000). In times of enacting policies, carrying out appraisals, the leader should ensure that the decisions made are clearly understood and do not have any aspect of favours in