Blood Clotting Essay

Blood coagulate is an adaptive/defensive mechanism of the human body. Its primary purpose is to prevent the loss of argument from the cardiovascular system from damaged blood vessels in order to avoid shock and possible death. This accomplished by a process called coagulation wherein blood change integrity at the site of injury through a complex process involving platelet aggregation and fibrin formation coupled with thrombin and a dozen other clotting factors. Though the mechanism is designed to prevent deleterious harm, clotting fucking also be harmful especially when inappropriately triggered such as in the case of strokes and infarctions.In the article by Cathleen Genova, she discusses the findings of a chronicle made in the April 17th 2009 issue of Cell, a journal from Cell Press Publication, where researchers prepare a possible way of preventing life-threatening clots. The discovery might offer a new way to fight clot formation before it bay window even begin, according to the researchers. According to the findings, thrombin isnt the only player in the clotting process, in fact enzymes known as matrix metalloproteases have lately emerged as all-important(a) players in platelet function and the biology of blood vessels.Two of those enzymes, MMP-1 and MMP-2 can actually encourage platelet activation early in the clotting process. If treatments were aimed at blocking the MMP1-PAR1 pathway, a new way of treating patients with acute coronary syndromes may be developed. The advantages of such treatments, the researchers predict, would be that an MMP-1 inhibitor might be discover tolerated especially since careful balance amidst the risk of dangerous blood clots and the risk of bleeding must be kept in mind.Works Cited Genova, Cathleen. How sedate Blood Clots Take Hold. Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intrnational Ltd. Accessed 23 April 2009 ARTICLE http//www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/146508. php How Life-Threatening Blood Clots Take Hold Art icle Date 18 Apr 2009 000 PDT When plaques screening blood vessel walls rupture and expose collagen, platelets spring into action to form a blood clot at the damaged site.Now, a new report in the April 17th issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication, reveals how those life-threatening clots a leading cause of death in the United States, europium and other industrialized countries get an early grip. The discovery might offer a new way to fight clot formation before it can even begin, according to the researchers. Compared to other diseases, blood clotting has been very well understood, said Athan Kuliopulos of Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine.Nevertheless, he continued, many people lock up suffer from heart attacks, ischemic stroke and death as a result of clot formation. Drugs designed to inhibit clots through known pathways are widely used by millions. They work well, but not perfectly. There is still an unmet need. Those drugs include a spirin and the so-called thienopyridines, including Clopidogrel (trade name Plavix). Scientists have known that a protein called thrombin plays an important role in clot formation as a potent activator of platelets. It also cuts fibrinogen into fibrin, a fibrous protein that works together with platelets to form a clot.But thrombin isnt the whole story. Enzymes known as matrix metalloproteases have recently emerged as important players in platelet function and the biology of blood vessels. Two of those enzymes, MMP-1 and MMP-2 can actually encourage platelet activation, according to earlier studies, although the means were unknown. In cancer cells too, MMP-1 activates a receptor known as PAR1 the same(p) receptor that is also responsible for receiving the thrombin signal on human platelets. There is abundant proMMP-1 coating platelets, Kuliopulos said.We thought maybe it was on the forthside waiting to be activated by something. Maybe it could be involved in an early event in bloo d clotting, before thrombin is around. Indeed, Kuliopulos team has now connected those dots. They demo that exposure of platelets to collagen activates MMP-1, which in turn directly cut PAR1 on the surface of platelets. Collagen is the first thing a platelet sees when a blood vessel ruptures or is cut. The MMP-1-PAR1 pathway activates another set of molecular players known to be involved in early clot formation, he said.Those activated platelets change their shape, sending out spikes and membrane sheets. Within seconds, they become more sticky, adhering to the vessel surface and then other platelets. Moreover, they show that treatments that block the MMP1-PAR1 pathway prevent blood clots from forming in the front man of collagen, suggesting that drugs targeting this metalloprotease-receptor system could offer a new way to treat patients with acute coronary syndromes. According to the new results, PAR1 inhibitors already being tested in clinical trials might have an added benefit, Kuliopulos said.Its also possible they might work a little too well, since there is a careful balance between the risk of dangerous blood clots and the risk of bleeding. An MMP-1 inhibitor might be better tolerated, he said. The researchers include Vishal Trivedi, Adrienne Boire, Boris Tchernychev, Nicole C. Kaneider, Andrew J. Leger, Katie OCallaghan, Lidija Covic, and Athan Kuliopulos, of Tufts University School of Medicine, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. man-made lake Cathleen Genova Cell Press